# Source code for genericpath

    """
    Path operations common to more than one OS
    Do not use directly.  The OS specific modules import the appropriate
    functions from this module themselves.
    """
    import os
    import stat

    __all__ = ['commonprefix', 'exists', 'getatime', 'getctime', 'getmtime',
               'getsize', 'isdir', 'isfile', 'samefile', 'sameopenfile',
               'samestat', 'ALLOW_MISSING']

    # Does a path exist?
    # This is false for dangling symbolic links on systems that support them.
    def exists(path):
        """Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links"""
        try:
            os.stat(path)
        except (OSError, ValueError):
            return False
        return True

    # This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir() can be true
    # for the same path on systems that support symlinks
    def isfile(path):
        """Test whether a path is a regular file"""
        try:
            st = os.stat(path)
        except (OSError, ValueError):
            return False
        return stat.S_ISREG(st.st_mode)

    # Is a path a directory?
    # This follows symbolic links, so both islink() and isdir()
    # can be true for the same path on systems that support symlinks
    def isdir(s):
        """Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory."""
        try:
            st = os.stat(s)
        except (OSError, ValueError):
            return False
        return stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)

    def getsize(filename):
        """Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat()."""
        return os.stat(filename).st_size

    def getmtime(filename):
        """Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat()."""
        return os.stat(filename).st_mtime

    def getatime(filename):
        """Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat()."""
        return os.stat(filename).st_atime

    def getctime(filename):
        """Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat()."""
        return os.stat(filename).st_ctime

    # Return the longest prefix of all list elements.
    def commonprefix(m):
        "Given a list of pathnames, returns the longest common leading component"
        if not m: return ''
        # Some people pass in a list of pathname parts to operate in an OS-agnostic
        # fashion; don't try to translate in that case as that's an abuse of the
        # API and they are already doing what they need to be OS-agnostic and so
        # they most likely won't be using an os.PathLike object in the sublists.
        if not isinstance(m[0], (list, tuple)):
            m = tuple(map(os.fspath, m))
        s1 = min(m)
        s2 = max(m)
        for i, c in enumerate(s1):
            if c != s2[i]:
                return s1[:i]
        return s1

    # Are two stat buffers (obtained from stat, fstat or lstat)
    # describing the same file?
    def samestat(s1, s2):
        """Test whether two stat buffers reference the same file"""
        return (s1.st_ino == s2.st_ino and
                s1.st_dev == s2.st_dev)

    # Are two filenames really pointing to the same file?
    def samefile(f1, f2):
        """Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file or directory

        This is determined by the device number and i-node number and
        raises an exception if an os.stat() call on either pathname fails.
        """
        s1 = os.stat(f1)
        s2 = os.stat(f2)
        return samestat(s1, s2)

    # Are two open files really referencing the same file?
    # (Not necessarily the same file descriptor!)
    def sameopenfile(fp1, fp2):
        """Test whether two open file objects reference the same file"""
        s1 = os.fstat(fp1)
        s2 = os.fstat(fp2)
        return samestat(s1, s2)

    # Split a path in root and extension.
    # The extension is everything starting at the last dot in the last
    # pathname component; the root is everything before that.
    # It is always true that root + ext == p.

    # Generic implementation of splitext, to be parametrized with
    # the separators
    def _splitext(p, sep, altsep, extsep):
        """Split the extension from a pathname.

        Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoring
        leading dots.  Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty."""
        # NOTE: This code must work for text and bytes strings.

        sepIndex = p.rfind(sep)
        if altsep:
            altsepIndex = p.rfind(altsep)
            sepIndex = max(sepIndex, altsepIndex)

        dotIndex = p.rfind(extsep)
        if dotIndex > sepIndex:
            # skip all leading dots
            filenameIndex = sepIndex + 1
            while filenameIndex < dotIndex:
                if p[filenameIndex:filenameIndex+1] != extsep:
                    return p[:dotIndex], p[dotIndex:]
                filenameIndex += 1

        return p, p[:0]

    def _check_arg_types(funcname, *args):
        hasstr = hasbytes = False
        for s in args:
            if isinstance(s, str):
                hasstr = True
            elif isinstance(s, bytes):
                hasbytes = True
            else:
                raise TypeError(f'{funcname}() argument must be str, bytes, or '
                                f'os.PathLike object, not {s.__class__.__name__!r}') from None
        if hasstr and hasbytes:
            raise TypeError("Can't mix strings and bytes in path components") from None

    # A singleton with a true boolean value.
    @object.__new__
    class ALLOW_MISSING:
        """Special value for use in realpath()."""
        def __repr__(self):
            return 'os.path.ALLOW_MISSING'
        def __reduce__(self):
            return self.__class__.__name__

- Tranquil IT